Process and machine for road-making



Nov. 8, 1932. ESCHUTTE PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR ROAD MAKING Filed Aug. 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet VENTEIR:

Nov. 8, 1932.

A. E. SCHUTTE PROCESS -AND MACHINE FOR ROAD MAKING 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 30, 1929 Nov. 8, 1932. A. E. SCHUTTE PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR ROAD MAKING Filed Aug. 30, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 NOV. 8, 1932. 'SCHUTTE PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR ROAD MAKING Filed Aug. 50, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 8, 1 932 A. E. SQHUTTE 1,386,748

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR ROAD MAK'iENG Fil ed Aug. 50, 1929 5 Sheets-Shee 5 Patented Nov. 8, 1932 STATES AUGUST E. SOHLUTTE, F NORTHBOEO, MASSACHUSETTS PROCESS AND MACHINE FOB, ROAD-MAKING- .Application filed August 30, 1929. Serial No. 389,544.

The invention relates to the construction of bituminous or concrete roadways or pavements, pavements being used in the broad sense of including a prepared way for either vehicles or pedestrians. The invention pertains especially to the application of the top or wearing surfacing to the roadway or pavement and is, accordingly, not only adaptable in the constructing of a new roadway or 19 pavement, but is equally adaptable for reconstructing or re-surfacing old roadways or pavements.

Both the process and the machinefor practicing it are designed to meet present'day requirements especially demanded by the automobile, and the increased speed with which the automobile is now used.

lhe top or wearingsurfacing of the present day bituminous or concrete roadway is customarlly a relatively thin surfacing, and to be a proper wearing andotherwise proper surfacing it should possess all of the following characteristics. It should be. securely bonded to the base or foundation upon which it is laid. It should possess a proper body density throughout its entire mass, and it should also possess a properly level and smooth top surface, free of undulations.

In order to place and secure a thin bituminous mixture to a foundation of a bituminous nature the foundation should be heated not only for the purpose of securing and binding this upper layer but also for the purpose of preventing porosity and lack of compression at a point immediately in contact with cold lower layer. It it obvious that the function or action of a road roller upon a plastic mixture is to compress it, and the compression takes place first at the uppermost layer, then at the bottom and supportby the chilling action of the contact with the foundation, thus not'only is a porous structure producedbut uniformity throughout the mixtureitself is destroyed, as the remaining layer may be chilled to a different extent at difierent places due to handling and raking. This condition prevails to a great degree when thin layers, say 1 to 5, are laid. In fact, it is physically impossible with the present day methods to lay layers of pavement, due to the impossibility of the raking quick enough to prevent the mixture from chilling in contact with the foundation; 'due also to the impossibility of compressing such chilled mixtures and keying them to the foundation, the roller shoving andpushing the mixture ahead of the rolls until it is broken up and shattered. This is well known to any one skilled in the art.

In order to obtain proper wearing qualities and in order also to secure a properly level and smooth top surface the surfacing should have uniform body density throughout its entire mass. This effect cannot be obtained by the use of the ordinary road roller for as before explained theoperation of the roller is to compress first at the top or uppermost layer, then at the bottom or lower layer, and finally at the center, provided the lower layer has not been chilled by contact with the foundation. The practical effect is lack of uniform compression throughout. Besides this even compression and a properly level and smooth top surface cannot be obtained by the use of the ordinary road roller for not only does the undulatory motion of the roller wheels produce waves but the material itself cannot be placed with suflicient uniformity to secure complete" and even compression.

The method of laying the top surfacing in accordance with my invention which meets all requirements and overcomes all difficulties above pointed out, is as follows: The foundation upon which the top surfacing to be laid is first heated in a uniform and efficient manner and preferably by means of a flame passed over the surface of the foundation in front of the material or mixture to'be laid. The material or mixture which is to form the top surfacing is then applied in a highly heated condition to the heated foundation, thereby assisting in the retention of heat in the foundation. The hot applied mixture is then made dense in that part or portion thereof which is about to be pressed onto the warm foundation, and with a density as near equal its density when compressed onto the foundation as possible. To assist in making dense that portion of the applied mixture about to be compressed onto the foundation a further application of heat is preferably made to it, causing more or less liquefaction of the bituminous matter in it. Afterwards that portion of the material or mixture made dense isapplied to the foundation with a combination compressing, wiping and levelling action, or, in other words, highly compressed and wiped down into place with accompanying levelling. This final compression exerts but little influence to make dense the material acted upon owing to the fact that it is already made dense before its final compression. Accordingly it need only be pressed onto the foundation, the full force of the compression being exerted not to make dense the material but to press it onto the foundation. It will be also understood that the whole action is a progressive one, one step immediately following upon the other.

The same general method is employed for re-surfacing old roadways after the surface of the roadway has been prepared to receive the new top coating or surfacing. In preparing the surface of the old roadway the application of the flame to it will soften its surface for the purpose of levelling and at the same time assist in cleaning the surface of such oily matter as might prevent proper bonding to it of the top surfacing when applied.

The method can perhaps better be appreciated and understood in the light of the machine which is one made especially applicable for practicing it, and which machine can best be seen and understood by reference to the drawings which show a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which Fig. 1 is a plan of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a rear end elevation of the machine.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 44 of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 isa section in enlarged detail of an essential working part of the machine illustrative of its mode of operation.

Fig. 7 is a plan of the motion used forreciprocating the burners later to be referred to.

Fig.8 is an elevation of a further detail of construction used in the reciprocation of the burners, and

Fig. 9 is a section of one of the burners.

Referring to the drawings:

The frame of the machine which carries all the operating parts is generally rectangular in form and comprises various bars or beams bolted together. Of these 1 represents the bar at the front end of the frame, 2 the bar at its rear end and 3 and 4:, respectively, its side bars. Rather closely paralleling the side bars 3 and 4, respectively, are other side bars 3 and 4: These bars 3, 4, are connected at their fore ends to'the front end bar 1 of the frame and at their rear ends with a cross bar 5. The cross bar 5 is secured at its opposite ends to the side bars 3 and 4, respectively, and occupies a position paralleling the rear end bar 2 in spaced relation to it. The bars 3, 4 and 5 form practically a part of the frame of the machine. The frame is reinforced by various brace bars 6 running between the cross bar 5 at the rear of the frame, and connecting with the bar 1 at its front end.

The frame is mounted to travel upon four wheels 7, there being a front and back wheel at either side of the machine. In practice these wheels usually run upon a track (not shown). This track for present purposes may be considered any suitable trackway of a portable nature which may be quickly laid or its position changed as occasion requires.

In the laying of a roadway with the present machine it is quite often necessary that while the body of the machine shall occupy a determinate relation or position to the surface of the roadway over which it is operating, the wheels supporting the machine at either side thereof shall occupy relatively different positions, those on one side being higher than those on the other side of the machine. Provision is accordingly made for such mounting and control of the wheels that either set on either side of the machine may be raised or lowered and held fixed in any adjusted position. To this end each wheel is provided with an axle pin or shaft 8 which is mounted to turnin bearings 9 lying on opposite sides of the wheel. The bearings 9 are borne by a set of links 10 which extend downward from the frame, the wheels being arranged to underlie the frame. The links 10 are pivoted links. The respective sets of links 10 supporting both front wheels are pivoted to turn upon a common shaft 11 which extends between and is fixed to the opposite side bars 8, 4:, of the frame. Likewise the sets of links 10 supporting the rear wheels are arranged to turn upon a common shaft 11 extending between and fixed to the opposite side bars of the frame. Each set of links 10 for each wheel is extended by a companion set of links 10 which extends upward above the shafts to which the respective sets of links are pivoted. Each set of links 10 is preferably turned togglewise with relation to the links 10 from which they are extending, those connecting with the links bearing the front wheels being turned in one direction and those connecting with the links bearing the rear wheels in a reverse direction (see Fig. 2).

The links 10' bear at their upper ends bearings 12 and arranged to turn within these hearings for each set of links'is a crosspin 13 to which is secured a link bar 14. Arranged between the sets of links'lO for the front and.

jacent side bar of the frame. Arranged upon. the respective threaded portions of each screw are carriages 18, 18 which, when held fixed against rotation, will be moved-inwardly or outwardly simultaneously in reverse directions dependent upon the direction the screw is 7 turned. preferably by pivoted connection, to these carriages,tl1ose of the link bars 14- which connect with the links bearing the front wheels,

1 connecting with the carriages 18, and those of the link bars 14 which connect with the links bearing the rear wheels connecting with the carriages 18. The link bars thus connecting with'the respective carriages prevent the carriages being turned in order to obtain the travel of the carriages on the respective screws as the screws are turned. Each. screw is turned in one direction or the other by an operating lever 19 which connects with the middle of the screw between the respective threaded portions thereof. This lever, in the nature of a wrench, is preferably equipped with some kind of jaw and associated ratchet movement (not shown) by which the screw may be gripped and turned in either direction by relatively short intermittent strokes of the lever.

By reference to Fig. 2 it is obvious that the body or frame of the machine will occupy a position farthest away from the track or roadway over which the machine is operating when the links 10 are occupying a position at right angles to the frame. As the links are moved away from this right angular position, the wheels will be moved toward the body or frame and therefore the distance separating the body or frame from the trackway or roadway over which the machine is operating will be lessened. The operation of moving the links for positioning the wheels for either side of the machine is effected by turning one or the other of the screws 15 depending on which side of the machine the wheels are to be raised or lowered. As the screw is moved in one direction the carriages 18, 18 thereon will be moved outward with relation to'the centre of the screw and thereby through the thrust of the respective link bars 14: and link connections will operate to throw down the wheels, or by a reverse turning 'of The link bars 14 are connected, 7

the screw raise the wheels. 'When the wheels are raised they may be raised even to a position where they enter in part between the double side bars of the frame as the link connections bearing the wheels are located between these bars and accordingly the wheels are free to enter between them if occasion requires.

a A further advantage of the adaptability of the machine in respect to the raising and lowering of its wheels is that the combination compressing, wiping and leveling members, later to be oftentimes referred to as the finishing members, and which form an essential working part of the machine for-finishing the roadway, may be adjusted'to occupy a determinate position with'relation to the surface of the roadway,being raisedor lowered or set in any determinate adjusted position and maintained in such position. The members are fixed to the body of the machine'in underslung position with relation to it. Accordingly as the wheels are lowered'the body of the machine will be raised relatively to the surface of the roadway. and the finishing members carried by it correspondingly raised. Reversely, when the wheels are raised the body of the machine will be lowered and the finishing members with it-inrelation to the surface of the roadway. In othe'rtw-ords, the machineneed have no 'mechanism for raising and lowering its finishing members and for maintaining them in determinate adj usted position apart from the mechanism just referred to for raising and lowering and maintaining in any adjusted position the wheels on which the machine runs.

Power is applied for moving the machine either forward or backward as follows:

Mounted upon the frame of the machine ad- 'jacent its rear end is an engine or motor 20. A hydrocarbon engine is preferably employed. 21 is the main shaft driven by the engine. Between the engine and this shaft is arranged a clutch assembly 22 and associated with-it a gear case 23. The main shaft is provided with a speed-changing device 2 1 by which the speed of the shaft is materially reduced. Beyond the speed-changing device the main shaft has arranged upon it a pulley 25 which, through a connecting chain or belt 26, drives a pulley 27 fixed to a shaft 28 suitably mounted to turn on the frame of the machine. Arranged on the shaft 28 rotatable with it and slidable thereon is a clutch 30. i

This clutch is adapted to have clutch engagement with either an idler pulley 31 or a gear 32 both arranged upon the shaft 28, and with which the clutch is adapted to have engagement as it is moved in one direction or the other, suitable means being employed for moving the clutch. The pulley 31 connects by a belt or chain 33 with a pulley 34 fixed to the shaft .11 which is the shaft to which the links are pivoted bearing therear wheels of the machine. This shaft is a rotary shaft, suitable provision being made thereforin the support of the shaft. Fixed also tothe shaft 11 adjacent opposite sides of the machine are gears 35, respectively. These gears have toothed connection, respectively, with gears 36, 36 which are fixed, respectively, to the axles 8 of the rear wheels of the machine and to which axles the rear wheels are fixed. For receiving the gears 36, 36 the axles 8 are extended inwardly, and it is to these inwardly extending portions of the axles that the gears 36, 36 are fixed. Beyond the gears 36, 36 the respective axles are supported to turn in hangers37, both of which are pivotally hung on the shaft 11. The idler gear 32 on the shaft 28 with which the clutch 30 may have engagement as aforesaid, has a. direct toothed engagement with the gear 35 on the shaft 11'.

The connections thus described allow the machine to be moved either in a forward or a reverse direct on. The main shaft 21 is driven in a clock use direction as shown in Fig. 2, and through the connections 25, 26 and 27 will drive the shaft 28 in the same direction. When the clutch member 30 is thrown into engagement with the idler pulley 31 motion will be impartet through the connections 33 and 34 to turn the shaft 11 in the same direction as themain shaft. As the shaft 11 is thus turned the gears 35, 35 thereon, having toothed engagement with the gears 36, 36 on the axles of the rear wheels, will turn these wheels in a reverse direc ion to that the main shaft is turning, and accordingly move the machine in a forward direction. The movement thus effected is a very slow movement; in practice a movement of about three feet per minute. This slow speed is obtained not only by the speed changing device 24 but also by the relative size of tie connecting pulleys. A reverse movement or backing of the machine is effected by moving the clutch 30 into clutchforming engagement with the idler gear 32. VJhcn this engagement is made the gear 32 will be turned in the same direction as the main shaft. toothed engagement with the gear 35 on the shaft 11 will operate to turn this shaft in a reverse direction, when the gears 35, 35 thereon will turn the gears 36 driving the wheels of the machine in a direction the same as the main shaft and,

accordingly, the machine will be moved with a reverse movement. The relative sizes of the connections for backing the machine are preferably such that the machine will have preferably a slightly faster movement than its forward movement. It is also to be noted in connection with the mechanism just above referred to for movingthe machinewith. a forward or reverse movement, that it permits of the application of power to the rear wheels for turning them andmoving the machine irrespective of any raised orlowered adjusted position of these wheels. This is on account of the planetary arrangement of the gears. In other words, the gears 36, 36, which are fixed to the axles of the rear wheels, are pivotally mounted with these .wheels upon the shaft 11 and therefore will bers are preferably substantially like those described in my patent of the United States No.1,670fi85 of May 22, 1928. Instead of employinga single finishing member which would require a relatively long member, owing to the width of the machine, two finishing members are preferably employed together extending across the full width of the machine. The members 40, 40 are parallely arranged one slightly in front of the other with the adjacent inner ends of the members lapping by one another. The two finishing members are undarslung to lie beneath the frame of the machine. The member 40 is fixed to a shaft 41 journaled to turn in hangers 42. depending from the frame and .is turned by power applied to its shaft 41 directly oil the main shaft 21 through a belt and chain connection 43 between a pulley 44 on the main shaft 21 and a pulley 45 on the shaft 41 carrying the member 40. The member 40 is borne by a shaft 46 journaled to turn in hangers 47 depending fromthe frame of the machine and is turned by application of power to its shaft 46 from the shaft 42 which bears the roll 40. The shaft 42extends the full width of the machine and beyond the side thereof. Connection is established between the shaft 42 and 46 by means of a sprocket chain 48 connecting sprocket wheels 49, 50, fixed, respectively, on

the shafts 41 and 46. The connections thus established for driving the finishing members 40, 40 by operation of the main shaftis such that the members will be rotated in direction indicated by the arrows on the member 40. .(See Fi g. 2.) Moreover, the arrangement is such that the finishing members will be driven at a rather high speed, a speed of about 200 revolutions a minute being generally attained in practice. The connections are also such that the two members will be driven at the same rate of speed.

As was previously explained no immediate means are provided for raising or lowering the finishing members 40, 40 with relation to the work of roadway upon which they are operating apart from such adjustment as may be obtained by raising or lowering the wheels bearing the machine. Accordingly while the members 40, 40 are fixed to the frame as engaging or out-of-the-way position with re- I lation to the roadway.

The action of the finishing members 011 the material to be laid is to progressively pus forward into the material and gradually compress and wipe it down into place with accompanying leveling action, leaving a smooth surface behind after the operation has been completed. The material acted upon and laid by the finishing members should have, in so far as possible, a maximum density througl out in order to possess the best wearing qualities and in order,,also, that the surface left by the finishing members shall be a level, smooth, hard surface. To obtain a uniform density in the material or mass throughout its entire body it is desirable that the particles forming the mass acted upon shall be made dense before the final compression effected by the finishing members. To this end there is arranged in front of each of the finishing members a material retaining member 51 which preferably takes the form of a fixed curved plate as shown. As the finishing members are moved forward into the material it will be made dense between the finishing permits of a vertical adjustment of the members. To this end the members or plates are hung suspended on the ends of bolts 52 passed through ears 53 on the frame of the machine and fixed in any adjusted position by nuts 5% on the bolts engaging the top and under sides of the ears. By this means the members 51 may be maintained in just the proper relation to the roadway and finishing members as will obtain the best results.

Borne by the frame of the machine is a hopper 55 into which material is deposited which is to be laid upon the roadway or pavement and processed by the machine. The hopper is arranged in front of the finishing members and also in front of the material retaining members in order that the material escaping out of the mouth of the hopper and deposited upon the roadway shall pass beneath all these members. i

The 7 machine is equipped with burners.

Of these certain of the burners are arranged at the forward end of the machinefor heating the surface of the roadwayover which thesurfacing material is to: be spread and laid by the machine, andothers of the burners are arranged just adjacent of the finishing members for keeping them hot and to prevent thematerial from adhering to them and also for the purpose of heating. the material lying just forward of the finishing members, or in other words, that portion of, the material made dense beforepassing under the finishing members. Vapor burners are preferably employed and are so made that the flame developed by the burners will be projectedfrom them against the object roadway or finishingmember-to be heated. i First with reference to the burners for heating thesurface of the roadway: 58, 58 represent these burners, two burners'being preferablyemployed. Each of-the burners comprises a body made substantially in the form of an elongated bell the bottom or open mouth-of which faces the surface of the roadway when the burner is in place, sothatthe flame from the burner will be projected against that part of the surfaceof the road way to be heated. Located inside each of the burners, or combustion chamber thereof, is a vaporizing, trough or ring 59 to'which oil is directed by entrance through the wall of the burner by way of a fuel inlet pipe 60. Y The vaporizing trough into'which the fuel is delivered is preferably filled with some refractory material 61, such as coke. Each burner is mounted to hang from the outerend of a pipe 62. These pipes not only carry the burners, but serve also as the air supply pipes thereto, of relatively large capacity. Each pipe reaches from the inner end of the machine to its outer end where the pipe is supported to rest upon the forward end frame bar of the machine, and travel backand forth thereon by a roller 63Iborne by the pipe. Located atthe inner end of eachpipe 62 and supported on the front endof the machine at the entrance tothe pipe is a rotary fan 65 into the mouth of which the inner end of-the pipe 62 projects so thatair pressure developed by the fan will be directed to pass through the pipe. At a point adjacent its outer end each air supply pipe isprovided with a lateral opening 66 in the-bottom side thereof which opening is continued into the upper end of the burner borne by the pipe above its vaporizing trough so that air willoutlet from the pipe and be directed into the burner from the top for purposes of combustion and flame projection from the mouth of the burner. The outer end of each pipe 62 is closed by a pivoted damper or slide 67 by which air entering through the pipe may either be allowedto escape from the end thereof or be directed into the chamber of the burneras may be desired. When thevburner is first prevent entrance of the air blast until the burner is well started, after which the slide is gradually closed for directing the proper amount of air into the combustion chamber of the burner for purposes of combustion and also fOPPUIPOSBS of flame projection. Each air supply pipe 62 functions also as a conduitthrough which a fuel inlet pipe 60 is extended. Each of the fuel inlet pipes proj ects from the bottom of a fuel supply tank 70 borne by a support 71 on the rear end of the machine. The fuel inlet pipe emanates from the bottom of the tank and is first bent todip into the interior of the pipe 62, thence passes through this pipe to a point near its outer end, and thence passes out of the pipe to connect with the vaporizing trough. Each fuel inlet pipe 60 has one or, more control valves 72 in it. As explained above, there are two of these road-heating burners and the description of one suffices for both. One fuel supply tank, however, is provided for both burners. There are provided, however, two rotary fans 65. Both of these fans are operated by a single rotary shaft 74. This shaft is driven by a belted connection 7 5 between it and the main shaft 21 pulleys 76, 77 being arranged respectively upon the respective shafts for receiving the connection. The relative size of the pulleys is such that the fans will be driven at a proper high rate of speed. 80, 80 represent the burners-for heating the finishing members and material to be made dense as aforesaid. These burners are like the road-heating burners in principle but different in form. Each burner has a body formed substantially as shown in the drawings with a mouth or outlet pipe connection 81 turned in the direction of the finishing member adjacent which it is arranged. Instead of employing a vaporizingring within the burner for receiving the fuel, a vaporizing ofiset 82 is provided in the under side of each burner into which fuel admitted to it is directed to pass, and the chamber of this offset is preferably filled with some refractory ma terial 83, such as coke. Both air and fuel are admitted into the upper end of the burner through a single inlet pipe 84 as it is found that a single pipe is sutficient. This pipe connects at its inner end by a branch connection 85 with the fuel inlet pipe leading to a road-heating burner and has in it a control valve 86. By another branch connection 87 the inner end of thepipe 84 connects with the mouth of the fan. By this means both fuel and air are admitted to the pipes 84 which are similarly equipped. The fuel will pass down into the vaporizing offset 82 of each burnerwhile the admitted'air will be sufficient for purposes of combustion, and also for Lhi flame projection from the outlet or mouth of the burner. I Both burners 80, 80 are supported by the pipes 84 leading to them, and each of these pipes is equipped with a roller hearing 88 by which it may rest and be laterally movable to travel upon a support 89 on the frame. s i

. Further arrangement is made by which both the road heating burners and the burners which heat the finishing members may be moved laterally back and forth, the road heating burners over the surface of the roadbed and the burners which heat the finishing members over or along the sides of these members.

In this connection it will be observed that the pipes 84 which carry the burners which heat the finishing members are arranged directly beneath the pipes 62 which carry the road heating members. As previously explained the inner ends of these respective sets of pipes are located in the mouths of the fans and each set of pipes 62, 84, is pivoted in the mouth of the fan into which it extends by a pin 90. This pivoting permits of a lateral turning of the respective sets of pipes to which end also all'connections between the pipes and the fuel supply tank are made flexible to permit of such turning. With the pipes thus pivoted mechanism is provided for laterally reciprocating or oscillating the pipes as follows.

Arranged upon certain of the bars 6 of the frame between the pipes 62 leading to the road heating burners is a bed plate 91 upon which a worm wheel 92 is mounted to turn in a horizontal plane. Engaging this worm wheel for turning it is a worm 93, the shaft of which is journaled to turn in bearings 94 fixed to the bed plate. The worm is turned by power applied to it from the main shaft 21 through a connecting pulley or chain 95 engaging pulleys or sprockets 96 and 97, respectively, one upon the main shaft and the other upon the shaft bearing the worm. Upstanding from the worm wheel is a pin 98. Piv'otally connecting at their inner ends with this pin are links 99 extending in opposite directions and connecting respectively with the pipes 62 which lead to and carry the burners 58 which heat the roadway. Connection is established between the links 99 and the pipes to which they are connected by means of pivoting the outer ends of the links to straps or collars 100 tightened on the respective pipes and preferably capable of a certain amount of slidable adjustment thereon. With the parts thus arranged, as the worm wheel is turned from ofl' the main shaft, the pipes 62 will be moved laterally back and forth and the burners carried by them correspondingly oscillated over the roadbed;

As previously noted the pipes 84, which carry the burners for heating the finishing members, are arranged beneath the pipes 62 respectively, the fork 103 embracing the pipe.

62 and the fork 10 i embracing the pipe 84. 1th this arrangement 1t is obvious that as the pipes 62 carrying the road heating burners are reciprocated back and forth the pipes 8a which carry the burners for heatm the finishing members will be oscillated at the sametime but in reverse direction through the pivoted forked connections just. referred to. The amount of throw of the respective burners may be controlled by positioning the collars 100 on the pipes 62 with relation to the pivoted ends of these pipes, the throw of the burners being increased the nearer the collars are to the pivoted ends of the pipes.

The general operation of the machine is as follows, and first with reference tothe machine when used for laying new roadway or pavement. 7

It will be assumed that the foundation has been laid and suitable trackways placed thereon, or otherwise placed, on which the machine may run and along which it will progress slowly, at a rate of about three feet a minute, as previously referred to. It will also be assumed that the body of the machine has been so adjusted by the raising or lowering of its wheels that the finishing members 40, 40 will occupy a determinate'spaced relation to the surface of the foundation for processing the material or mixture to be deposited thereon and which is to be laid.

The oscillating road heating burners first heat the surface of the foundation on which the material or mixture is to be laid. The material or mixture, in heated condition, is loosely deposited upon the surface thus heated. It is desirable that the loose material thus deposited shall be more or less level and of not too great a depth, for which reason it may be initially leveled after depositing on the hot foundation, by the spreading and leveling apparatus which forms the subject matter of my co-pending application Serial N0. 329,808 filed January 2, 1929, or the material may be deposited by way of the hopper 55 on the machine" It will be observed by reference to Fig. 6 that the mouth of the hopper will lie a determinate distance above the top surface of the foundation. inaslnuch as only a determinate amount of ma terial a can run out of the hopper, owing to the building up of the material beneath the hopper on the foundation, consequently the material will be deposited in a more or less level condition and determinate depth. As the machine slowly progresses in a forward direction the material a will be brought under the retaining plate 51 and confined between this plate and the surface of the foundation. By the progressivemovement also of the ma chine the compression, Wiping andleveling 'members or finishing members 40, 40 will be brought into operative contact with the mater al confined between the retaining plate and the foundation. As the members 4O, 40,

then turning in the direction of the arrow indicatedthereon, bite into the confined material or mass the various staggered, rotary, cam-like elements or units of which the finish ing members arebuilt up as referred to in my said patent, will impart a forward downward motion to the confined material, and this supplemented by the forward progressive movement of themembers, as the machine is progressively moved, will tend to make dense the material until it offers a certain amount of resistance when a further sidewise motion will be added to it. In other words, the confined material just in front of the finishing members will be subjected to an intense. forward downward and sidewise jostling action and will accordingly be made dense. This ostling'action is supplemented also by the heating of the material at this point by the flame played upon the finishing members, the heat of this flame being imparted through the finishing members to the material, the resulting effect being thatthe particles will become firmly wedged and tightly squeezed against each other, causing the bituminous matter or cementing material to ooze and be forced from between the particles, and accordin ly the mass, or that portion thereof, thus being immediately operated upon by the finishing members, will be made very dense in front of these members and before it is finally laid by them upon the the foundation. The thickness of the part thus made dense is extended until it reaches an approximate thickness as indicated by the line 0 in Fig. 6, or, in other words, a thickness substantially equal to the. thickness or depth of the material when finally laid by the finishing members and with a density sub 'stantially equal to the density of the material when finally laid. As the machine progresses the materia thus made dense is gradually wiped down into place on to the foundation by the finishing members, it passing beneath these members, and is compressed and leveled by them. In asmuch as the material has been made dense before passing beneath the finishing members the full effect of the pressure exerted by these meml ers will not be lost in making dense the material, but will be exerted to press the mate-rial onto the foundation, and this pressure will be an exceedingly high pressure owing to'the fact that the full weight of the machine at determinate intervals of time will be borne by only a few of the units or elements of the finishing members owing to the manner in which these members are made. The laid material will be made smooth and properly leveled free of all undulations owing to the man'- ner of its laying, to the fact that the body of the laid material is made dense throughout, and to the fact that the material is wiped into pl ace under high pressure, as distinguished fromth-e ordinary rolling action.

After the first strip or width of pavement has been laid the trackway is relaid so that one rail is supported by the newly laid pavement while the other will lie on the foundation. In order that the finishing members may be properly positioned with relation to the level of the previously laid pavement the wheels on one side of the machine are adj usted to obtain the desired effect. The joint between the finished strip of pavement and the newly laid strip will be kept hot by the oscillating road heating burner which will assist in securing a proper bond between the two strips of pavement. The finishing members, or rather one of these members, will overlap the joint between the two sections of pavement, the end of the member spanning the joint. This overlapping end of the member will receive a considerable amount of heat from the burner heating it onaccount of the short stop incident to its reversal of movement. This offsets any tendency of the end to cool where it is in contact with the section of pavement previously laid, thereby keeping hot that portion of the member which extends over the joint between the two sections of pavement.

The operation for resurfacing old pavements or roadways is substantially the same. These roadways, however, before being resurfaced generally need to be repaired and this may be effected by ieating the surface with the road heating-burners and then bringing the finishing members into contact with the softened uneven spots, squeezing them forward and sidewise into a more or less proper position, thus giving a general grade to the whole surface. Afterwards the mate-rial is laid the same as before excepting that it may be desirable in some cases to spread a hot bitumen on to the heated surface of the roadway before the material or mixture is laid.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States:

1. In a road making machine comprising a wheeled vehicle having a rotary compression, wiping and leveling member for laying upon the roadbed material deposited thereon in front of said member, said member being operated to turn in a direction reverse to the turning of the wheels of said vehicle as the machine is progressively moved, the combination with said member of means cooperating with said member to make dense the material deposited upon the roadbed before its passage beneath said member as the machine is progressively moved. 1

2. In a road making machine comprising a wheeled vehicle having a rotary compression, wiping and leveling member for laying upon the roadbed material deposited thereon in front of said member, said member being operated to turn in a direction reverseto the turning of the wheels of said vehicle as the machine is progressively moved, the combination with said member of a material retaining means co-operating with said member in manner whereby the material deposited upon the roadbed will be confined and made dense in the part thereof immediately adjacent said member and before its passage beneath said member.

3. In a road making machine comprising a wheeled vehicle having a rotary compression, wiping and leve-iing member for laying upon the roadbed material deposited thereon in front of said member, said member being operated to turn in a direction reverse to the turning of the wheels of said vehicle as the machine is progressively moved, the combination with said member of a material retain? ing plate arranged immediately in front of said member and spaced from the roadbed whereby the material deposited upon the roadbed will pass beneath said plate and be confined and made dense in the part thereof immediately adjacent said member and between said plate and the roadbed, and means whereby said plate may be set in an adjusted position.

4. In a road making machine having a ma.- terial-laying mechanism, the combination therewith of means borne also by the machine for heating the roadbed preparatory to the deposit of material thereon and laying of said material comprising a flame-projecting burner having an open mouth arranged to face the roadbed to be heated, and means for developing flame within the burner and for projectingthe flame against the roadbed, and means for moving the burner laterally back and forth over the face-of the roadbed.

5. In a road making machine having a material-laying member, the combiantion therewith of means comprising a flame-projecting burner borne by the machine and arranged forward of said member for heating the roadbed preparatory to the deposit and laying of the material, means whereby flame may be developed within the burner and projected against the roadbed, means for heating said member comprising a flame-projecting burner arranged adjacent thereto, and means whereby flame may be developed within said last-named burner and projected against said member.

6. In a road making machine having a material-laying member, the combination therewith of means comprising a flame-projecting burner borne by the machine and arranged forward of said member for heating the roadbed perparatory to the deposit and laying of the material, means whereby flame may be developed within the burner and projected against the roadbed, means for heating said member comprising a flame-projecting burner arranged adjacent thereto, and means whereby flame may be developed within said last-named burner and projected against said member, and means whereby said burners may be moved laterally back and forth, the onlei over the roadbed and the other over said ro 7. A road making machine of the character described, comprising a power driven wheeled vehicle body, a combination rotary compression, wiping and leveling member borne by i the body of the machine and connecting therewith in manner whereby the weight of the machine will hold down said member in a determinate working position with relation to the surface of the roadway over which the machine is passing, means whereby the position of said member may be adjusted with relation to the surface of the roadway, means whereby said rotary combination member may be rotated in a direction reverse to the direction of the turning of the wheels of the machine as the, machine is progressively moved in a forward direction, a material retaining member arranged forward of said rotary member and co-operating therewith whereby the material to be laid, and before the final laying thereof, may be made dense between said retaining member and said combination rotary member as said rotary member is operated and the machine moved progressively in a forward direction, a burner arranged forward of said retaining member for heating the surface of the roadway preparatory to the laying of material thereon, a burner for heating said combination rotary member, means for operating said burners, and means whereby said burners will be moved laterally back and forth, one over the surface of the roadway and the other over said combination rotary member.

8. A road-making machine of the character described, comprising a power-driven wheeled vehicle body, a combination rotary compression, wiping and leveling member borne by the body of the machine and connecting therewith in manner whereby the weight of the machine will hold down said member in a determinate working position with relation to the surface of the roadway over which the machine is passing, means whereby theposition of said member may be adjusted with relation to the surface of the roadway, means whereby said rotary combination member may be rotated in a direction reverse to the direction of the turning of the wheels of the machine as the machine is progressively moved in a forward direction, and a material retaining member arranged forward of said rotary member and co-operating therewith whereby the material to be laid, and before the final laying thereof, may be made dense 7' 

